English Grammar:替代

　　替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代；同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。

　　一、名词性替代

　　用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。

　　1．名词性替代词

　　例1：The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)

　　例2：His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)

　　2．某些不定代词

　　在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如：

　　I don't want any more food. I’ve had enough.

　　3. one 和 ones是最常见的替代词

　　one的复数形式是ones.one 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词， 不可用来替代不可数名词。例如：

　　1）The grey horse is stronger than the black one.

　　2）The new design is much better than the old ones.

　　4．名词性物主代词mine，yours

　　名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词，your +名词等，例如：

　　“Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.”

　　二、动词性替代

　　用动词替代词do，do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。

　　1．谓语的替代形式

　　do是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如：

　　1）Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.

　　2）John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.

　　2．由do，so等组成的复合替代形式

　　（1）“so +助动词+主语”。例如：

　　 “Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.”

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